Concrete structure



Feb.' 7, 192s. 1,658,433

R. S. ELLIS CONCRETE STRUCTURE Filed Dec. 2l. 1923 v 2 Sheets-Sheet lMMS , FJQI.

Feb. 7, 1928. 1,658,433

R. s. ELLIS CONCRETE STRUCTURE Filed Dec. 21, 1923 2 Sheets-Sheet 2Flam.

FIG'.- 17T Cil Patented Feb. 7, 1928.

UNITED sfrarizsV PATENT OFFICE.

RUSSELL SCOTT ELLIS, F PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

CONCRETE STRUCTURE.

Application filed December'21, 1923. Serial No. 681,972.

for water to displace the soil in which such members are to beimplanted, and also as conduits for concrete in a mobile state to formfoundations at the base oit such nienr bers, after they are implaiited;also concrete members adapted tor use in conjunction withk the tubularconduit members aforesaid to form barriers such as may be utilized asbulk heads and similar walls.

My invention includes the various novel features of constructionl andarrangement and method of procedure hereinafter more definitelyspecified. However, said method ot procedure is the subject matter of mycopending divisional application SerialNo. 725,567 tiled July 12, 1924,for Letters Patent of the United States for improvement in methods ofsinking concrete structures by means of water jetting. j j In thedrawings; Fig. I is a front elevation of a bulk head embodying myimprovements, erected in sandy soil, as seen from the right hand side ofFig. II.

Fig. II is a vertical sectional view, taken on the line II, II in Fig. Iand in the direction of the arrows on said line.

' Fig. III is a perspective view ot one ot the top slabs shown in Figs.I and II.

Fig. IV is ay perspective view ot one of the lower slabs shown in Figs.I and II.

Fig. V is a diagrammatic view, partly in elevation and partly in sectionat right angles to the plane ot Fig. II, showing one of the verticaltubular columns ot the struc# ture shown in Figs. I and II, incourse ofinstallation, in accordance with my method.

Fig. VI is a `fragmentary verticalsectional view, ona larger scale thanthe other figures, showing a joint ina tubular column conduit formadoraxially alined separable sections. j

Fig. VII is a perspective view of one of the slotted bolts 19 indicatedin Figs.V I and II. j

Referring to the` form or my invention Shown in Figs. I and II; a seriesof vertical tubular columns 1 are installed, in parallel relation, inthesandy subsoil 2 so as to form a bulk head to protect the top soil 3 fromthe encroachment or the sea. or other bodyof water 4. Each-ot saidcolumns 1 is a substantially` cylindrical body of concrete, having anaxial tubular metal core 6, conveniently formed of an iron or steel pipescrew thread-ed at each end and provided lat its upper end with a screwcoupling to engage a pipe or similar size, for the purpose .of effectingthe installation of said column',

as hereinafter described.v

Said column has the step 8 formed of concret-e, projecting from but oneside thereof, in unita-ry relation therewith, and prei -erablyreinforced by the metal member 9 to determine the position andv supportthe bottom one or the seriesot substantially plane slabs 10 which areeach conveniently of the form indicatedin Fig. IV. Each of said slabs 10comprises a substantially plane rectangular body having a lat face uponits front side and a rib 11 upon its rear side and substantiallysemicylindrical notches 12 at its respectively opposite ends. Said lowerslabs 10 are surmounted by upper slabs 14, each conveniently formed asshown in Fig. III and comprising a substantially plane body with a topflange 15 extending at right angles thereto and overhanging the columnslocal to said flange and serving to close the openings in the tops ofsaid columns and the cores therein; said body having a plane front facebut having its rear tace reinforced by a rib 16 similar to the ribs 11aforesaid. Said top flange 15 is also preferably reinforced by a similarrib 17, pendent from the under side thereof.`

I find it convenient to detachably connect said columns 1 with saidslabs 10 and 14C by providing each ot said columns with a `verticalseries of bolts 19 which are imbeddedtherein so as to project at rightangles to the axis thereof, as indicated in Fig.k II.

vertically through it at its outer end to receive a wedge 20. Said boltsare adapted to extend between adjoining slabs in the notches y10o Eachotsaid bolts has a slot 192L extending the latter secured by driving thewedges 2O into the position shown in Fig. il. lt may be observed thatthe notches l2 in the ends of the adjoining slabs 10 and le arecomplementary; so that` each of said bolts 19 suiiices to engage theadjoining ends of two of said slabs and relative displacement thereof isprevented by the single washer 2l and wedge 20 connected with therespective bolt.

As indicated at the left in Fig. l; the columns lv may be installed inthe randy soil 2 without any foundation. However, as shown at the rightin Fig. l and also in Fig. ll; each of said columns may be provided witha concrete foundation 23 which may be formed after the installation ofthe column as hereinafter described. Such foundations 23 of courserender it more difficult to remove the columns l. Therefore, if the bulkhead is designed for temporary use, such foundations are oi'nitted. Ofcourse, the structure assembled as above described and illustrated inFig. ll may be taken apart by removing said wedges 2O and slabs l0 and14; and' withdrawing said coluinng, without `impairing any part of thestructure which may be used again.

As indicated in Fig. V; the column l may be conveniently sunlr in thesoil 2 by connecting with its top coupling 7 the nozzle 25 of theflexible conduit 26 through which wa.- ter 27 may be conveyed to lsaidcolumn and driven downwardly therethrough under pressure while saidcolumn is suspended by any convenient overhead tackle. For instance, acable28 extending from the eye 2S) on said nozzle serves to support saidcolumn l in vertically pendent position so that it may be permitted togravitate into the pit 30 being formed by the water 27 flowingdownwardly through the tubular reinforcement 6 of Said column l andthence upward around said column to the surface 3l.

Although l have shown said columns l unitary from end to end thereof; itis to be understood that they may be formed in sec tions as indicated atliL and lb in F Vl.

The construction and arrangementabove described are such that waterunder pressure may be driven downwardly through the axial tubularconduit 6 of the column l or the column formed of sections la and lb, orany other suitable structural element to sinlr the same into the soil tothe desired depth by washing the soil from beneath it and permitting itto gravitate. rfliereafter, the water may be shut off from said nozzle25 at the valve 50, and the valve 68 be opened to discharge concrete,from the flexible conduit 67,l through said conduit 6 to form afoundation 23 at the bottom thereof.

However, l do not desire to limit myself to the precise details ofconstruction, arrangement and method of procedure herein set forth, asit is obvious that various modifications may be made therein withoutdeparting from the essential features of my invention, as defined in theappended claims.

l claim:

l. ln a concrete structure, the combination with a plurality of verticalcolumns, each con'iprising a tubular body of concrete and a tubularmetallic core extending through .said concrete and projecting at thebottom thereof, and said core being provided with internal screw threadsat the top thereof extending entirely within the top of said concretebody; each column having a laterally projecting step, and a vertical.series of bolts set in the concrete portion thereof and extendingtransversely to the axis thereof, in spaced relation, above said step,and each bolt having means arranged to engage a wedge; of a series ofslabs, each comprising substantially rectangular body with bolt notchesat opposite ends thereof adapted to engage the bolts on said columns;the notcnes in the ends of adjacent slabS being complementary; the topslabs having transverse flanges overhanging said columns, cloping theupper ends of said tubular metallic cores and protecting` said threads;each of said slabs having a reinforcing rib extending horizontally,intermediate of its width; washers engaging` said bolts and overlappingthe ends of the adjoining slabs, upon opposite sides of said bolt-s; andwedges engaging said bolts andbearing against said washers; whereby eachof said bolts sutlices to engage the adjoining ends of two of saidslabs, and said slabs may be released by lateral movement of sainwedges.

2. ln a concrete structure, the combination with a plurality of verticalcolumns each comprising a tubular body of concrete and a tubularmetallic core provided with internal screw threads extending entirelywithin the top thereof; each column having a laterally projecting step,and a vertical series of bolts set in the concrete portion thereof andextending tran-tverselv to the axis thereof, in spaced relation, abovesaid step; of a. series of slabs each comprising a substantiallyreet-angular body with bolt notches at opposite ends thereof adapted toengage the bolts` on said columns; the notches in the ends of adjacentslabs being complementary; the top slabs having means overhanging saidcolumns and clos ing the upper ends of said tubular metallic cores; eachof said slabs having a reinforcing rib extending horizontally,intermediate of its width; washers engaging said bolts and overlappingthe ends of the adjoining slabs, upon each side thereof; and meansengagingsaid bolts and bearing against said washers; whereby each ofsaid bolts suliceS to engage the adjoining ends of two of said slabs.

3. ln a concrete structure, the combination with a Aplurality ofvertical columns each comprising a tubular vbody of concrete and aytubular metalliccore provided with internal screw threads extendingentirely within the top thereof; each column having a laterallyprojecting step, and a ver tical series ofk bolts set in 'the concreteportion thereof and extending transversely `to the axis thereof, inspaced relation, above said step; the heads of said bolts being imbeddedin the concrete between said core and the outer surface of the columnthrough which said bolts ext-end; of' a series of slabs each comprisinga substantially rectangular body with bolt notches at opposite endsthereof adapted to engage the bolts on said columns; the notches in theents of adjacent slabs being complementary; washers engaging said boltsand overlapping the ends of the adjoining slabs, upon each side thereof;and means engaging` said bolts and bearing against said washers; wherebyeach of said bolts suffices to engage the adjoining ends of two of saidslabs.

4. In a concrete structure, vrthe con'ibination with'a plurality .ofvertical columns each comprising a tubular body of concrete and atubular metallic core extending therethrough; each kcolumn having alaterally projecting step, and a bolt set in the concrete portionthereof and extending transversely to the axis thereof, in' spacedrelation, above said step, and each bolt having al laterally projectinghead between said core and-the outer `surface of said column, andexterior means arranged to engage a wedge; of a series of slabs eachcomprising a substantially rectangular body with bolt notches atopposite ends thereof adapted to engage the bolts on said columns andresting on said steps; t-he notches in the ends of adjacent slabs beingcomplementary; washers engaging said bolts and overlapping the ends ofthe adjoining slabs, upon each side therei of; and wedges engaging saidbolts and bearing against said washers; whereby each of said bolts.suflices to engage the adjoining .ends of two of said slabs.

5. In a concrete structure, the combination with a plurality of verticalcolumns eachk comprising an open tubular body of concrete; each columnhaving a laterally projecting step, and a'bolt set in the concreteportion thereof and` extending transversely to the axis thereof, inspaced relation, above said step; of a series of slabs each comprising asubstantially rectangular body with bolt notches at opposite endsthereof adapted to engage the bolts on said columns; the notches in theends of adjacent slabs being complementary; the top slabs having meansoverhanging said columns and closing the upper ends thereof;

concrete columns set in vertical parallel spaced/relation and eachhaving a series of bolts imbedded therein andprojecting there fromat'right angles to thevplane tof the series of columns said bolts havinglaterally projecting heads imbedded iii and con-V cealed by the concreteintermediate of the width ofV said columns; a series of slabs eachcomprising a substantially rectangular body with bolt notches atopposite ends thereof adapted to engage'the bolts of said columns; thenotches in the ends ofadjacent slabs heing complementary; washers onsaid bolts overlapping *be ends of the adjoining slabs, upon eachthereof; and ineens engaging said bolts and-bearing against saidwashers;

whereby each of said bolts sufhces t engage the adjoining ends oft-wo ofsaid slabs, and

lioldtheni in the'plane of said columns.

l. A concrete wall unit comprising a sub etantially rectangular slabhaving similar bolt notches in each end thereof; whereby the notchesinadjoining ends of a series of such slabs are complementary and affordbolt openings, between adjoining slabs asF sembled inthe saine plane;and means reinforcing said slab between said notches, exterior to saidplane.

8. A wall unit, suoli as described in claim 7 havinga ribprojecting'froin one face thereof, in alineinent with the notches in therespectively opposite ends thereof; whereby said unit is reinforced atsaid notches against late` al stresses tending to crack it. 9. Aconcrete wall unit comprising a substantially rectangular. slab havingsimilar bolt notches in each end thereof; `whereby the'not'ches inadjoining ends'of a series of such slabs are complementary and affordbolt openings, between adjoining slabs as sembled in the same plane; andhaving a horizontal fiaiige projecting at right angles to the planethereof at the top thereof, and a reinforcing rib pendent from the underside ofrsaidV top flange, in spaced relation with the adjacent face'ofthe slab; said endent'rib terminating shortof the o

